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학대 ì†ì˜ ì ˆë§, ‘바와(VAWA)’로 극복한다
“몇 ë…„ ì „ê¹Œì§€ë§Œ í•´ë„ ë‚œ ì´ë ‡ê²Œ ë‚ ë„울 수 있는 í”„ë¡œê·¸ëž¨ì´ ìžˆë‹¤ëŠ” ê²ƒì„ ìƒìƒí• ìˆ˜ë„ ì—†ì—ˆìŠµë‹ˆë‹¤. ì´ í”„ë¡œê·¸ëž¨ì€ ë¯¸êµì—서 ë‚˜ì˜ ë²•ì ì¸ ì²´ë¥˜ì‹ ë¶„ì„ í•©ë²•í™”ì‹œì¼œ 주었습니다. ì´ê²ƒì€ 바로 ë‚´ê°€ 남편으로부터 ì‹ ì²´ì ì´ê³ ì •ì‹ ì ì¸ í•™ëŒ€ë¥¼ 당해 ê³ í†µë‹¹í•˜ë˜ ì—¬ëŸ¬ í•´ ë™ì•ˆ ì• íƒ€ê²Œ ì°¾ë˜ ê²ƒì´ì—ˆìŠµë‹ˆë‹¤.†엘비ë¼(Elvira) ë¼ëŠ” 한 히스패닉 ì—¬ì„±ì€ â€˜ë°”ì™€â€™ë¼ëŠ” í”„ë¡œê·¸ëž¨ì„ í†µí•´ ìžì‹ ì„ í•™ëŒ€í•˜ë˜ ë‚¨íŽ¸ìœ¼ë¡œë¶€í„° ë²—ì–´ë‚ ìˆ˜ ìžˆì—ˆì„ ë¿ ì•„ë‹ˆë¼ ë²•ì ì¸ ì²´ë¥˜ì‹ ë¶„ê¹Œì§€ 얻었다. 그녀는 â€˜ë°”ì™€â€™ì˜ í˜œíƒì„ ìž…ì€ ëª¨ë“ ì—¬ì„±ì˜ ì´ë¦„으로 ê°ì‚¬í•œë‹¤ëŠ” 편지를 ì¼ë‹¤. ê·¸ 편지ì—서, ë„ì›€ì„ ì£¼ì—ˆë˜ ë³€í˜¸ì‚¬ëŠ” ê·¸ë…€ì˜ í‘œí˜„ì— ì˜í•˜ë©´ â€˜ì‹ ì´ ë³´ë‚¸ 천사’였으며 그녀가 누린 혜íƒì€ ì¸ìƒì— 있어서 ‘위대한 변화’ì´ê¸°ë„ 했다. ‘바와’란 무엇ì´ë©° 누가 ì–´ë–¤ ë„ì›€ì„ ë°›ì„ ìˆ˜ 있는지 알아보ìž.

ì—°êµ¬ì— ë”°ë¥´ë©´, 히스패닉 ì—¬ì„±ì˜ 64%ê°€ ì¶”ë°©ì˜ ê³µí¬ë¡œ ì¸í•´ 사회 서비스 ë‹¨ì²´ë¡œë¶€í„°ì˜ ë„ì›€ì„ ì°¾ëŠ” ë° ì–´ë ¤ì›€ì„ ê²ªìœ¼ë©°, 불법체류여성 ê°€ìš´ë° 14.8%ë§Œì´ ê²½ì°°ì„ ë¶€ë¥´ê² ë‹¤ëŠ” ì‘ë‹µì„ í–ˆë‹¤ê³ ì•Œë ¤ì¡Œë‹¤. ìžì‹ ì˜ ì²´ë¥˜ì‹ ë¶„ì„ ì•½ì 으로 잡혀 ë°°ìš°ìžë¡œë¶€í„°ì˜ 학대를 ë‹¹í•´ë„ ë„ì›€ì˜ ì†ê¸¸ì¡°ì°¨ ê¸°ëŒ€í• ìˆ˜ 없는 ì´ë“¤, 바로 ‘바와’가 ë•는 사람들ì´ë‹¤.
1. ‘바와(VAWA)’란 무엇ì¸ê°€?
미 êµì˜ ì´ë¯¼ë²•ì€ ì˜ì£¼ê¶Œìžë‚˜ 시민권ìžì™€ 결혼한 ì´ë¯¼ìžê°€ (ë˜ëŠ” ê·¸ì˜ ìžë…€ê°€) 합법ì ì¸ ì´ë¯¼ì§€ìœ„를 ë°°ìš°ìžì˜ ì²ì›(Petition)ì„ í†µí•˜ì—¬ ì–»ë„ë¡ ê·œì •í•˜ê³ ìžˆë‹¤. 하지만 ì´ë¯¼ìž ë³¸ì¸ ìŠ¤ìŠ¤ë¡œ 합법ì ì¸ ì´ë¯¼ì‹ ë¶„ì„ ì–»ì„ ìˆ˜ 없다는 약ì ì„ ì´ìš©, ë°°ìš°ìžê°€ ê³ ì˜ë¡œ ì´ë¯¼ì‹ ì²ì„œë¥˜ë¥¼ ì œì¶œí•˜ì§€ 않거나, ê·¸ê²ƒì„ ì¸ì§ˆë¡œ 삼아 ë°°ìš°ìžê°€ íë ¥ì„ í–‰ì‚¬í•˜ê±°ë‚˜ ì–´ë–¤ í˜•íƒœì˜ í•™ëŒ€ë¥¼ 가하는 경우가 ìƒê¸°ê¸°ë„ 한다.
ì´ì— 1994ë…„ ë¯¸êµ êµíšŒëŠ” â€˜ì—¬ì„±ì— ëŒ€í•œ íë ¥ê¸ˆì§€ë²•(VAWA, Violent Against Women’s Act)â€™ì„ í†µê³¼ì‹œì¼°ë‹¤. ì´ ë²•ì—서 ì´ë¯¼ìžì— 관해 ê·œì •í•œ 중요한 ë‚´ìš©ì€ â€˜ê°€ì •íë ¥ì˜ í¬ìƒìžë¡œ ì¸ì •ëœ ì´ë¯¼ìžê°€ 법ì ê±°ì£¼ì§€ìœ„ë¿ ì•„ë‹ˆë¼ í•©ë²•ì ì¸ ê·¼ë¡œê¹Œì§€ í—ˆê°€ë°›ì„ ìˆ˜ 있다’는 것으로, ì´ë¥¼ 통해 ë¯¸êµ ì‹œë¯¼ê¶Œì´ë‚˜ ì˜ì£¼ê¶Œì„ 가진 ë°°ìš°ìžë¡œë¶€í„° 학대를 ë°›ì•˜ì„ ê²½ìš° ë°°ìš°ìžì— ì˜ì¡´í•˜ì§€ ì•Šê³ ë³¸ì¸ ìŠ¤ìŠ¤ë¡œ 합법ì 지위는 ë¬¼ë¡ ìžì‹ ê³¼ ìžë…€ë¥¼ 부양하는 ëŠ¥ë ¥ì„ ê°–ë„ë¡ ë²•ì ì¸ ë„ì›€ì„ ì œê³µë°›ì„ ìˆ˜ 있다. ì´ ë²•ì„ í†µí•´, ì´ë¯¼ìžëŠ” ì¶”ë°©ì˜ ìœ„í˜‘ê³¼ ìžë…€ë¥¼ 빼앗길 수 있다는 ê³µí¬ë¡œ ë§ë¯¸ì•”ì•„ í• ìˆ˜ ì—†ì´ ê²°í˜¼ìƒí™œì„ ì§€ì†í•˜ì§€ ì•Šì•„ë„ ëœë‹¤.
2. â€˜ë°”ì™€â€™ì˜ ë„ì›€ì„ ìž…ìœ¼ë ¤ë©´
ë°” 와가 ë„울 수 있는 ê°€ì •íë ¥ì˜ í”¼í•´ìžëŠ” í¬ê²Œ 나누어 ë‘ ê°€ì§€ 범주로 구분ëœë‹¤. 첫번째는 시민권ìžë‚˜ ì˜ì£¼ê¶Œìžì™€ ê²°í˜¼í•˜ê³ ê°€ì •íë ¥ 피해를 ìž…ì€ ê²½ìš°ì´ë‹¤. ì´ ê²½ìš°ì—서는 ì´ë¯¼ìžëŠ” 본ì¸ê³¼ ìžë…€ê°€ 법ì ì˜ì£¼ê¶Œì„ 스스로 ì‹ ì²í• ìžê²©ì´ ìžˆë‹¤ê³ ì„¤ëª…í•˜ëŠ” ì§€ì›ì„œë¥¼ ì œì¶œí•œë‹¤. ì´ â€˜ë°”ì™€ 본ì¸ì²ì› (VAWA Self-Petition)â€™ì˜ ìžê²©ì„ ì–»ìœ¼ë ¤ë©´, ë¯¸êµ ì‹œë¯¼ê¶Œìžë‚˜ ì˜ì£¼ê¶Œìžì™€ ê²°í˜¼í•˜ì˜€ê³ (ë²•ì •í˜¼ì¸ ë˜ëŠ” 사실혼), ê²°í˜¼ì´ â€˜ì„ ì˜(Good Faith)’로 ì´ë£¨ì–´ì¡Œê³ , ë°°ìš°ìžì™€ 함께 거주한 ì‚¬ì‹¤ì´ ìžˆê³ , ê°€ì •íë ¥ì´ë‚˜ ìž”ì¸í•œ í–‰ìœ„ì˜ í”¼í•´ìžì´ë©´ì„œ, 본ì¸ì´ ì¢‹ì€ â€˜ë„ë•ì„±â€™ì„ ê°–ì¶”ì—ˆìŒì„ ìž…ì¦í•´ì•¼ 한다. 피해ìžë¼ë©´ ë‚¨ì„±ë„ ì‹ ì²í• 수 있다. ë§Œì¼ ì´í˜¼í–ˆê³ ê·¸ ì‚¬ìœ ê°€ 학대로 ì¸í•œ 것ì´ë¼ë©´, ì´í˜¼ 후 2ë…„ ì´ë‚´ì— ì‹ ì²í• 수 있다. ë§Œì¼ ë°°ìš°ìžê°€ ìƒì „ì— í•™ëŒ€ë¥¼ í–ˆì—ˆê³ ê·¸ ë°°ìš°ìžê°€ 사ë§í•˜ì˜€ë‹¤ë©´, ë°°ìš°ìžì˜ ì‚¬ë§ í›„ 2ë…„ ì´ë‚´ì— ì‹ ì²í• 수 있다. 구체ì ì¸ ìžê²©ì´ 있는지는 ê°œì¸ë§ˆë‹¤ 다를 수 있으며 ê²½ìš°ì— ë”°ë¼ ë¹„ìžê°€ 없거나 경미한 범죄가 있ë”ë¼ë„ ìžê²©ì´ ì¸ì •ë 수 있다.
아울러 가해ìžê°€ 시민권ìžë‚˜ ì˜ì£¼ê¶Œìžê°€ 아닌 경우ë¼ë„ ë°”ì™€ì˜ í˜œíƒì„ ì–»ì„ ìˆ˜ 있다. ì´ ê²½ìš° 바와는
3. 바와가 ë•ê³ ìžˆëŠ” 사례들
â– ë”¸ì´ í•˜ë‚˜ 있는 한 러시아 ì—¬ì„±ì€ ë¯¸êµì¸ ë°°ìš°ìžì™€ 결혼하였다. ê·¸ë…€ì˜ ë‚¨íŽ¸ì€ ì‹ ì²´ì íë ¥ì„ í–‰ì‚¬í•˜ì§€ëŠ” 않았지만 ê²½ì œì ì¸ ì°©ì·¨ë¥¼ 했다. 아울러 그녀가 러시아 ìŒì‹ì„ 먹지 못하ë„ë¡ í•˜ëŠ”ê°€ 하면 ì‹ëŒ€ì¸ ì•„ì´ ì•žì—서 ìŒëž€ë¹„디오를 시ì²í•˜ê³ ì•„ì´ ì•žì—서 ë¶€ì ì ˆí•œ 성ì 행위를 ë³´ì¸ ë°” 있다. ì´ë¯¼êµì—서는 ë‚¨íŽ¸ì˜ í–‰ë™ì„ 학대로 ì—¬ê¸°ê³ ê·¸ë…€ì—게 ì˜ì£¼ê¶Œì„ ë°›ë„ë¡ í–ˆë‹¤.
■한 중êµì—¬ì„±ì€ 미êµì¸ ë°°ìš°ìžì™€ 결혼하였다. 그녀는 미êµì— 들어올 때 ì¡°ê±´ë¶€ ì˜ì£¼ê¶Œìœ¼ë¡œ ìž…êµí•˜ì˜€ëŠ”ë° ê·¸ë…€ì˜ ë‚¨íŽ¸ì€ ê·¸ë…€ë¥¼ 성ì 으로 학대하며 ì´ë¯¼ì‹ ì²ì„ 해주지 않았다. 현재 â€˜ë°”ì™€â€™ì˜ ë„움으로 ì˜ì£¼ê¶Œì„ 얻기 위한 ì¡°ê±´ì‚ì œì‹ ì²ì´ ì§„í–‰ë˜ê³ 있다.
■한 아프리카 ì—¬ì„±ì€ ë¯¸êµì—서 ê³ ë“±í•™êµ ë•Œ ë°°ìš°ìžë¥¼ 만나 결혼하였다. 남편는 ì •ì‹ ì ì¸ ë¬¸ì œê°€ 있어 ì´ ì—¬ì„±ì´ ê°€ëŠ” 곳마다 ë”°ë¼ë‹¤ë…”ê³ , 칼로 위협하거나 심지어 ëª©ì„ ì¡¸ë¼ ê¸°ì ˆì‹œí‚¤ê¸°ë„ í–ˆë‹¤. ì´ ì—¬ì„±ì€ â€˜ë°”ì™€â€™ì˜ ë„움으로 ë”ì°í•œ ê°€ì •ì—서 íƒˆì¶œí• ìˆ˜ 있었으며 ìžì‹ ì´ ë„ì›€ë°›ì€ ê²½í—˜ì„ ë‹¤ë¥¸ ì´ë“¤ì—게 ì•Œë¦¬ê³ ì–¸ë¡ ê³¼ ì¸í„°ë·°ë¥¼ í•˜ê¸°ë„ í–ˆë‹¤.
4. í…사스 시민권 프로ì 트(TCRP)
â€˜í… ì‚¬ìŠ¤ 시민권 프로ì 트(TCRP, Texas Civil Rights Project)’는 ì´ ë²•ì— ê´€í•˜ì—¬ ì´ë¯¼ìžë“¤ì—게 êµìœ¡ê³¼ ë²•ë¥ ì„œë¹„ìŠ¤ë¥¼ ì œê³µí•˜ê³ ìžˆëŠ” 비ì˜ë¦¬ ê³µìµë³€í˜¸ì‚¬ë‹¨ì²´ ê°€ìš´ë° í•˜ë‚˜ì´ë‹¤. ì´ ë‹¨ì²´ê°€ 다루는 ì´ìŠˆë“¤ì€ ìž¥ì• ì¸ì˜ 권리, ê²½ì œì ì •ì˜(ì§ìž¥ ë‚´ì˜ ê·¼ë¡œí™˜ê²½ê³¼ 임금지불 등), ì¸ì¢…차별, 사법ì ì •ì˜(부당한 ì²´í¬ì— ì˜í•œ í¬ìƒìž ë•기 등), ì´ë¯¼ìž 권리옹호 ë° ì˜ì‚¬í‘œí˜„ì˜ ìžìœ ì´ë‹¤.
ì´ ë‹¨ì²´ëŠ” ë²•ì˜ ì´ë¦„ì„ ë”´ “바와 프로그램(VAWA Program)â€ì„ 통해 ê°€ì •íë ¥í”¼í•´ ì´ë¯¼ìžë“¤ì´ 가해ìžë¡œë¶€í„° 벗어나서 ë¯¸êµ ë‚´ì—서 합법ì ì¸ ì§€ìœ„ë¥¼ ë³´ìž¥ë°›ê³ ê·¼ë¡œí—ˆê°€ë¥¼ ë°›ëŠ”ë° í•„ìš”í•œ 서류를 ìž‘ì„±í•˜ê³ ì œì¶œí•˜ëŠ” ê²ƒì„ ë•는다. ì´ í”„ë¡œê·¸ëž¨ì˜ ì´ê´„ìžëŠ” ì´ì‚ í•´ë§í†¤(Isaac Harrington)으로, í…사스 ì§€ì—ì˜ ë‚¨ë¶€, ë™ë¶€, 중부 ì§€ì—ì— ì„œë¹„ìŠ¤ë¥¼ ì œê³µí•˜ëŠ” 순회방문ìžë“¤ê³¼ ‘바와’ 옹호ìžë“¤ê³¼ 함께 ì¼í•˜ê³ 있다.
‘바와’ í”„ë¡œê·¸ëž¨ì€ ë¬´ë£Œ 서비스ì´ë‹¤. ì´ë“¤ì´ ë•는 ì„œë¹„ìŠ¤ì˜ ë‚´ìš©ì€ ì² ì €ížˆ ë¹„ë°€ì´ ë³´ìž¥ë˜ë©°, ìƒí™©ì— ë”°ë¼ ì „í™”ì™€ ìš°íŽ¸ìœ¼ë¡œë„ ì²˜ë¦¬í• ìˆ˜ 있다. 무료 ìžì›ë´‰ì‚¬ìžê°€ 있어 본ì¸ì´ 사용하는 모êµì–´ë¡œ 서비스를 ë°›ì„ ìˆ˜ë„ ìžˆë‹¤. 현재 2ëª…ì˜ í•œêµì¸ ìžì›ë´‰ì‚¬ìžê°€ 번ì—ê³¼ 통ì—ì„ ë•는다. 2008ë…„ 6월부터 7월까지는 한êµì¸ì„ 위한 서비스 집중기간으로 1-888-364-8277ì´ë‚˜ 512-474-5073 êµí™˜ 0번 (ì›”-금, 10-5시)으로 ì§ì ‘ ì „í™”í•˜ì—¬ ë„ì›€ì„ ë°›ì„ ìˆ˜ 있다. ì´í›„ì—는 ì „êµê°€ì •íë ¥í•«ë¼ì¸(1-800-799-7233)으로 ì „í™”í•˜ì—¬ 한êµì–´ ìƒë‹´ì›ì„ ì°¾ê³ â€˜ë°”ì™€â€™ì— ëŒ€í•´ 문ì˜í•˜ë©´ 통ì—ê³¼ 서비스 ì—°ê²°ì„ ë„와준다.
5. 나ì—ê² ì–´ë–¤ 권리가 있ì„까?
시 민권ìžì™€ 마찬가지로 ë¹„ì‹œë¯¼ê¶Œìž ì—시 ìˆ˜ì •í—Œë²• 5ì¡°ì— ë”°ë¼ ì¹¨ë¬µí• ê¶Œë¦¬ì™€ 경찰공무ì›ì´ë‚˜ ì •ë¶€ìš”ì›ì˜ ì§ˆë¬¸ì— ëŒ€ë‹µì„ ê±°ë¶€í• ê¶Œë¦¬ë¥¼ 가지며 ìˆ˜ì •í—Œë²• 4ì¡°ì— ë”°ë¼ ì •ë¶€ê°€ 당사ìžì˜ ë™ì˜ì—†ì´ ê°€ì •ì´ë‚˜ ì§ìž¥ì— 들어와 ìˆ˜ìƒ‰í• ìˆ˜ ì—†ë„ë¡ í•˜ëŠ” ê¶Œë¦¬ë„ ëˆ„ë¦´ 수 있다.
경찰공무ì›ì´ë‚˜ ì •ë¶€ì§ì›ì´ 질문한다면 비시민권ìžì—ê²Œë„ ì¹¨ë¬µí• ê¶Œë¦¬ì™€ 변호사와 ë¨¼ì € ì´ì•¼ê¸°í• 권리가 있다. 다만 ì£¼ì— ë”°ë¼ì„œëŠ” ì´ë¦„ì„ ì œê³µí•´ì•¼ í• ê²½ìš°ë„ ìžˆë‹¤. ì´ë•ŒëŠ” 물어본 질문ì—ë§Œ ëŒ€ë‹µí•˜ë˜ ì²´ë¥˜ìƒíƒœë¥¼ 알리는 서류를 ì œê³µí•œ ë’¤ì—는 ë” ì´ìƒ ì´ì•¼ê¸°í•˜ì§€ ì•Šì•„ë„ ëœë‹¤. 아울러 변호사와 ì´ì•¼ê¸°í•˜ì§€ ì•Šì€ ìƒíƒœì—서는 ì–´ë–¤ 서류ì—ë„ ì‚¬ì¸í•˜ë©´ 안ëœë‹¤.
만약 ì´ë¯¼ê³µë¬´ì›ë‚˜ 경찰공무ì›ì´ ì§‘ 앞으로 찾아올 경우, ë¬¸ì„ ì—´ì§€ ë§ê³ ì˜ìž¥ì´ 있는 ì§€ 물어보아야 한다. ì˜ìž¥ì´ 있다면 문밑으로 밀어달ë¼ê³ 요구한 í›„ì— ì´ë¦„ê³¼ 주소가 맞는지, ì„œëª…ì´ ìžˆëŠ”ì§€ 확ì¸í•œë‹¤. ì˜ìž¥ì´ ìœ íš¨í•˜ë‹¤ë©´ ‘집 바깥으로 나가서’ ë¬¸ì„ ë‹«ê³ ê³µë¬´ì›ê³¼ ì´ì•¼ê¸°í•œë‹¤.
주ì˜í• ê²ƒì€ ë³¸ì¸ì´ ë™ì˜í• 경우 공무ì›ë“¤ì´ ì˜ìž¥ì—†ì´ë„ ì§‘ì— ë“¤ì–´ì˜¬ 수 있다는 ì ì´ë‹¤. 그러므로 ì˜ìž¥ì´ 없는 ê²ƒì„ í™•ì¸í–ˆë‹¤ë©´ ë¬¸ì„ ì—¬ëŠ” 등 ë™ì˜ë¼ê³ ìƒê°ë 수 있는 ì–´ë–¤ í–‰ë™ë„ í•´ì„ ì•ˆ ëœë‹¤. 만약 공무ì›ì´ 본ì¸ì„ ê´´ë¡ížˆê±°ë‚˜ í•™ëŒ€í–ˆì„ ê²½ìš°, ê·¸ì˜ ë°°ì§€ë²ˆí˜¸ì™€ ì´ë¦„, ì¦ì¸ë“¤ì˜ ì´ë¦„ê³¼ ì „í™”ë²ˆí˜¸ 등 ì˜ ê¸°ë³¸ ì •ë³´ë“¤ì„ ì ì–´ 놓아야 한다. ìƒí•´ë¥¼ 입었다면 바로 ì˜ë£Œì§„ë‹¨ì„ ë°›ë˜, ìƒì²˜ë‚œ ë¶€ìœ„ì˜ ì‚¬ì§„ì„ ì°ì–´ë‘는 ê²ƒì´ ì¢‹ë‹¤.
ì•„ì´ìž‘ í•´ë§í„´ (Isaac F. Harrington) ë³€í˜¸ì‚¬ì™€ì˜ ì¸í„°ë·°
>> TCRPì—서 하는 ì¼ì€ 무엇ì¸ê°€?
ìš° 리가 하는 ì¼ì€ 다양하다. ê²½ì°°ì— ì˜í•œ 피해로부터 보호하는 것, ìž¥ì• ì¸ì˜ ê³µê³µê¸°ê´€ì ‘ê·¼ì„±ì„ ë†’ì´ê±°ë‚˜ 수ê°ìžì˜ 권리를 ì˜¹í˜¸í•˜ê³ ë‚¨ë¶€ í…사스 ì§€ì—ì—서 ì†Œë¹„ìž ê¶Œë¦¬ì˜¹í˜¸ì™€ ì´ë¯¼ìžì˜ 권리와 ê°™ì€ ì´ìŠˆë“¤ì„ ë‹¤ë£¬ë‹¤. 아울러 ì¸ì¢…ì´ë‚˜ 성ì ì°¨ë³„ì„ ë‹¹í–ˆì„ ë•Œ í—Œë²•ì— ì˜í•´ ë³´ìž¥ëœ ê¶Œë¦¬ë¥¼ 누릴 수 있ë„ë¡ ë•ê³ ìžˆë‹¤.
>> ì´ê³³ 피해ìžë“¤ì´ 문화ì ì¸ ì°¨ì´ë¡œ ì¸í•´ ì–´ë ¤ì›€ì„ ê²ªëŠ” ê²ƒì„ ê²½í—˜í•˜ê³ ìžˆë‚˜.
ì–´ ë–¤ ì´ë¯¼ì§‘ë‹¨ì˜ ê²½ìš° ì‚¬ê³ ë°©ì‹ì´ 변화하는 ê²ƒì„ ë³¸ë‹¤. ì´ë¯¼êµ ì§ì›ë“¤ì´ 불법ì 으로 ì‚¬ëžŒë“¤ì˜ ì§‘ì„ ìˆ˜ìƒ‰í•˜ê³ ì´ ì‚¬ì‹¤ì„ ë³´ê³ ì¡°ì°¨ 하지 않는 ê²½ìš°ë“¤ì´ ìžˆë‹¤. ì‚¬ëžŒë“¤ì€ í—Œë²•ì— ì–´ë–¤ 권리가 보장ë˜ì–´ 있는지 모르거나 ê·¸ 권리를 내세울 수 ì—†ë‹¤ê³ ìƒê°í•œë‹¤. 하지만 미êµì— 오랫ë™ì•ˆ 살면서 ìžì‹ ì˜ ê¶Œë¦¬ê°€ 있는 ê²ƒì„ ì•Œê²Œ ë˜ê³ ë” ìžì‹ 있게 ìžì‹ ì˜ ëª©ì†Œë¦¬ë¥¼ 내게 ëœë‹¤. 우리가 다룬 사례 중ì—는 한 멕시칸 ì´ë¯¼ìž ê°€ì¡±ì˜ ì§‘ì´ ìˆ˜ìƒ‰ì„ ë‹¹í•˜ê³ ì§€ì—ê²½ì°°ì´ ì´ì„ 겨눈 ì¼ì´ 있었다. 마찬가지로, ì–´ë–¤ ì‚¬ëžŒë“¤ì€ í•™ëŒ€ë°›ìœ¼ë©´ì„œ 아무 ë§ë„ 못하는 ê²½ìš°ë„ ìžˆë‹¤. ì´ëŸ° 경우 누구ì—게 ì—°ë½í•´ì•¼ í•˜ê³ ì–´ë–¤ ë„ì›€ì„ ë°›ì„ ìˆ˜ ìžˆëŠ”ì§€ì— ëŒ€í•´ êµìœ¡ì„ 받는 ê²ƒì´ ê·¸ëŸ° ìƒí™©ì—서 íƒˆí”¼í• ìˆ˜ 있는 íž˜ì´ ëœë‹¤. ì˜ìž¥ì—†ì´ ê²½ì°°ë“¤ì´ ìžì‹ ì˜ ì§‘ì— ë“¤ì–´ì˜¤ëŠ” ê²ƒì´ ë¶ˆë²•ì´ë¼ëŠ” ê²ƒì„ ì‚¬ëžŒë“¤ì´ ì•Œì•„ì•¼ 하며, ê²½ì°°ì€ ìžì‹ ë“¤ì„ ë„와주기 위해 존재한다는 ê²ƒì„ ì•Œì•„ì•¼ 한다.
>> ì´ ë‹¨ì²´ì˜ ëª©ì ì€.
우리 목표는 í…사스 ì£¼ë¯¼ë“¤ì„ êµìœ¡ì‹œí‚¤ê³ 필요한 법ì ì¸ ì„œë¹„ìŠ¤ë¥¼ ì œê³µí•˜ëŠ” 것ì´ë‹¤. ì‚¬ëžŒë“¤ì´ ìžì‹ ì˜ ê¶Œë¦¬ë¥¼ ì£¼ìž¥í• ìˆ˜ 있으며 ì´ë¯¼ìžë„ ë˜‘ê°™ì´ í—Œë²•ì˜ ë³´í˜¸ë¥¼ 받는다는 ê²ƒì„ ì´í•´í•˜ê¸¸ 바란다. ì˜íšŒì—ì„œë„ ì´ ì ì„ ì¶©ë¶„ížˆ ì¸ì‹í•´ì„œ 1994ë…„ì— ë²•ì„ í†µê³¼ì‹œí‚¨ 것ì´ë‹¤. ‘바와’는 기본ì 으로 ì¸ê¶Œì— 관한 것ì´ê³ ì¸ê°„ì˜ ì¡´ì—„ì„±ì— ê´€í•œ 것ì´ë‹¤.
>> 미êµì •ë¶€ì˜ ì˜ˆì‚°ì€.
í…사스는 íë ¥ë²”ì£„ì˜ í”¼í•´ìžë¥¼ ë•ëŠ”ë° ìž¬ì •ì§€ì›ì„ 잘 í•˜ê³ ìžˆëŠ” 편ì´ë‹¤. ìž¬ì •ì§€ì›ì€ 개별ì ì¸ ì£¼ì™€ ê·¸ì˜ ìž¬ì •ìƒí™©ì— í¬ê²Œ 좌우ëœë‹¤. 안타ê¹ê²Œë„, 현재 미êµì˜ ê²½ì œë¶ˆí™© ë•Œë¬¸ì— ìž¬ì •ìƒí™©ì´ ì˜ˆì „ë§Œí¼ì€ 못하다.
>> 바와를 통해 보는 사례가 무엇ì¸ê°€.
ì‚¬ëžŒë“¤ì´ í•™ëŒ€ë¥¼ 학대ë¼ê³ ìƒê°í•˜ì§€ 않는 경우가 있다. 남편과 결혼해서 노예처럼 ì¼ì„ 하는 ê²ƒë„ ê·¸ë ‡ë‹¤. ì´ ê²½ìš°ëŠ” ë‚¨íŽ¸ì´ ì²˜ìŒë¶€í„° ê°€ì •ë¶€ë…¸ë¦‡ì„ ì‹œí‚¤ë ¤ê³ í•œ 것ì´ë‹¤. ë˜ ì´ë¯¼ì„œë¥˜ë¥¼ ì œì¶œí•˜ì§€ ì•Šê³ ì˜ì–´ë¥¼ 못 배우게 하며 ìžë…€ 앞ì—서 ë¶€ì ì ˆí•œ 성ì 행위를 ë³´ì´ëŠ” ê²½ìš°ë„ ìžˆë‹¤. 아울러 ì •ì‹ ì 으로 ë°°ìš°ìžë¥¼ ì¡°ì¢…í•˜ë ¤ê³ í•˜ëŠ” ê²ƒë„ í•™ëŒ€ì— í•´ë‹¹í•œë‹¤. ë°°ìš°ìž ë³¸êµì˜ ìŒì‹ì„ 먹지 못하게 하는 ê²ƒì´ ê·¸ë ‡ë‹¤. ì´ ì™¸ì—ë„ ê²½ì œì 으로 í†µì œì‹œí‚¤ê±°ë‚˜ 사회ì 으로 ê³ ë¦½ì‹œí‚¤ëŠ” í–‰ìœ„ë„ ëª¨ë‘ í•™ëŒ€ì— í•´ë‹¹í•œë‹¤.
>> ì´ ì¼ì„ 하면서 ì–´ë ¤ì›€ì´ ìžˆë‚˜.
ì–¸ì–´ì˜ ìž¥ë²½ì´ ë„ˆë¬´ í¬ë‹¤. 스페ì¸ì–´ ìžì›ë´‰ì‚¬ìžë“¤ì€ ë§Žì´ ìžˆëŠ”ë° ê·¸ 외 통ì—ìž ì‹œìŠ¤í…œì´ ìž˜ 만들어지지 않는다. í° ë„시ë¼ë„ 마찬가지다. 기본ì 으로 ëª¨ë“ ì‚¬ëžŒì€ ë³¸ì¸ì˜ 언어로 ì˜ì‚¬ì†Œí†µí• 수 있는 권리가 있ìŒì—ë„ ê±°ë¶€ë˜ëŠ” 경우가 ìƒê¸´ë‹¤. 우리는 ë²•ì • 시스템ì´ë‚˜ 경찰 등 ë” ì ‘ê·¼ì„±ì„ ë†’ì—¬ 본ì¸ì˜ 언어를 ìš”ì²í•˜ë©´ 통ì—ìžì™€ 연결시켜주는 서비스를 ì¤€ë¹„í•˜ê³ ìžˆë‹¤. í…사스는 ë”ìš± ë§Žì€ ë¬¸í™”ê°€ 함께 ê³µì¡´í•˜ê³ ìžˆë‹¤. ì´ê³³ì— 사는 ëª¨ë“ ì´ë“¤ì´ 서비스를 ì œê³µë°›ë„ë¡ ë¬¸ì„ í™œì§ ì—´ê³ ì‹¶ê³ ë²•ì •ì—서 무슨 ì¼ì´ 있었는지 ì•Œê³ ì˜ì‚¬í‘œí˜„ë„ í•˜ë„ë¡ ì–¸ì–´ì ìž¥ë²½ì„ ì—†ì• ëŠ” ì¼ì´ 중요하다. 법ì›ì´ë‚˜ 법ì ì œë„를 ì´ìš©í• 때 통ì—서비스를 받지 못하는 ì¼ì´ 있다면 우리ì—게 ì•Œë ¤ë‹¬ë¼.
ê°€ì •íë ¥ ìƒë‹´ì „í™”: 한êµì–´ ì‚¬ìš©í• ë•Œ
1. 1-888-364-8277ì´ë‚˜ 512-474-5073 êµí™˜ 0번 (ì›”-금, 10~5시)으로 ì§ì ‘ ì „í™”.
2. ì´í›„ì—는 ì „êµê°€ì •íë ¥í•«ë¼ì¸(1-800-799-7233)으로 ì „í™”í•˜ì—¬ 한êµì–´ ìƒë‹´ì›ì„ ì°¾ê³ ë°”ì™€ì— ëŒ€í•´ 문ì˜í•˜ë©´ 통ì—ê³¼ 서비스 ì—°ê²°ì„ ë„와준다.
*****
May 30, 2008
The Konet: Weekly Korean Newspaper Vol. 93, pp. A1, A6-7.
VAWA?: Immigrant Victims of Domestic Violence, Receives Permanent Residency
By Young-Hoon Lee (jinchaya@thekonet.com)
“A few years ago, I did not even imagine that a program such as the one that gave me so much assistance could exist. This program helped me legalize my immigration status in this country, which is something I had hoped to do for many years while I was suffering physical and psychological abuse from my husband.†A Hispanic woman named Elvira not only escaped from her abusive husband but also gained a legal immigration status through a program called ‘VAWA’. She wrote a thank-you letter on behalf of all women who had benefited from the ‘VAWA.’ In her letter, the attorney who helped her was, in her expression, ‘an angel God sent to me,’ and the benefits she enjoyed was ‘the great change’ in her life. Now, let’s find out what ‘VAWA’ is and who can receive what kind of benefits.
Studies showed that 64% Hispanic undocumented women find difficulties in seeking help from social service agencies because of the fear of being deported, and that only 14.8% of undocumented women were willing to call the police. The VAWA helps the people who are deterred from any helping hands due to their immigrant status even when they are victimized.
1. What is ‘VAWA’?
United States immigration law states that an immigrant married to (or the daughter or son of) a US Citizen (USC) or Legal Permanent Resident (LPR) may be eligible to acquire a lawful status through the Petition filed by the spouse. Sometimes, however, an abusive spouse does not file immigration documents for his spouse and uses to his advantage the victim’s nonimmigrant status and exercises his power to abuse or mistreat the immigrant in different ways.
For that reason, the US Congress passed the Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) in 1994. The important provision regarding immigrants in the Act is that ‘qualifying immigrant victims of domestic violence can acquire legal status and work authorization,’ and this law allows immigrants abused by the USC or LPR spouse to gain legal status and the ability to support themselves and their children without relying on the abusive spouse. Through this law, immigrants have a remedy to staying in an abusive relationship out of fear that their spouse will deport them or take their children away.
2. How can you get help from the VAWA?
The victims of domestic violence who may be qualified for the VAWA largely include two groups. The first group is the ones who are married to a USC or LPR and are a victim of domestic violence. In this case, the immigrant victims can file an application explaining to Immigration that they and their children qualify to submit an application for legal permanent residency. In order to be eligible for the VAWA Self-Petition, you must be married to a USC or LPR(either by the court or by the common law), you must have married your spouse in “good faithâ€, you must show that you lived with your spouse, you are a victim of domestic violence or extreme cruelty, and you must prove that you are of “good moral character.†An abused man can also apply for the VAWA. If you are divorced, and you divorced the spouse because of the abuse, then you have 2 years to file. If you were married to an abusive USC, and he/she passed away, you have two years to file. Eligibility may vary depending on the individual situations, and you may still qualify even if you do not have a visa or you have minor criminal records.
In addition, you may get benefits from VAWA even if the abuser is not a USC or LPR. In this case, VAWA allows the immigrant to apply for a U-VISA (or crime victim visa). The U-Visa is a status that can be issued on the condition that the immigrant victim of a crime has, is, or will assist the appropriate agency with the investigation or the prosecution of the crime. With a U-Visa, you get employment authorization as well as a possibility to apply for permanent residency. However, it has a limitation in that it may be contingently cancelled by the agency if the victim does not continue with their help.
3. Cases that the VAWA helped
■A Russian woman, with a daughter from a previous marriage, married to a US citizen. Her husband did not use physical violence but exploited her economically. He also did not allow her to eat Russian food, he watched pornography in front of her teenage his daughter, and exhibited inappropriate sexual behavior in front of the daughter. advanced to the daughter sexually. Immigration The ‘VAWA’ considered the acts of the husband as an abusivee, led him to legal punishment, and gave her a permanent residency.
â– A Chinese Woman married to a US citizen. She entered into the United States with a conditional residency, but her husband sexually abused her and did not file immigration petition for her. The VAWA is currently helping her to remove the condition to gain permanent residency.
â– An African woman met her spouse in high school in the United States and married to him. Her husband had mental problems and stalked her. He threatened her with a knife and even choked her to the point of losing consciousness pass out. With the help of the VAWA, she could escaped from the horrendous home, and later she shared her experience with many others, even by appearing in a press interview.
4. Texas Civil Rights Project
The Texas Civil Right Project (TCRP) is a non-profit organization, consisting of public-interest lawyers, that provides educational and legal services. The issues that the TCRP handles include disability rights, economic justice (working conditions, wage claims, etc.), racial discrimination, criminal justice (assisting the victims of false arrest, etc.), immigrant rights, and protecting free speech.
The TCRP also helps immigrant victims of domestic violence leave the abusers and submit proper documents necessary to gain legal status and work permit through the ‘VAWA Program,’ which was named after the Act. The coordinator of the program is Isaac Harrington, and he works with Circuit Riders and VAWA advocates working in South, East, and Central Texas areas.
The VAWA Program is free service. All conversations during the service will be kept confidential under attorney-client privilege, and you may use mail and phone throughout the service without visiting the agency. You may be able to use your native language while getting help from a volunteer. Currently two Korean volunteers help in translating and interpreting. TCRP designated June to July 2008 as a special service period for Korean immigrant, and during the period, people can call 1-888-364-8277 (Mon-Fri, 10-5) to get immediate help. After the period, you can call National Domestic Violence Hotline 1-800-799-7233 and look for a Korean interpreter to inquire about the VAWA program. The interpreter will help you for referral and initial contact to the program.
5. What are my rights?
Non-citizens, as citizens, have rights to remain silent and refuse to answer questions of the police officers or government agents under Amendment 5 and rights to be protected from government’s search of home and workplace without agreement of the person under Amendment 4.
If police officers or government agents ask questions, non-citizens have the same right to remain silent and to consult lawyers before answering the question. You are, however, required to provide your name to police officers and government agents in some states. Once you have provided evidence of your immigration status (papers), you do not need to speak any more. Do not sign any documents without first speaking with an attorney.
If an immigration or police officer comes to your door, do not open it. First, ask if he or she has a warrant. Ask him or her to show you the warrant by slipping it under the door. Then check the document for your name and address as well as a signature. If, after inspecting the document, you feel that it is valid, step outside to speak with the officer and close the door—particularly if others in your home may face immigration problems.
You should remember that officers without a warrant can still enter your home if you “consent†to their entry. For this reason, make sure not to agree to their entry or do anything that might be construed as consent—such as opening the door. If you are harassed or abused by a police officer or government agent, make sure to write down the officer or agent’s badge number, name, and any other information, including witnesses’ names and phone numbers. If you are injured, seek medical attention immediately and take photographs of your injuries.
Interview with Attorney Isaac Harrington
>>What does TCRP do?
We do various things. We deal with issues such as protecting people from the maltreatment by the police, accessibility to public facilities by the disability community, rights of prisoners, and consumer rights in South Texas, and immigrant rights. Also, we help people to exercise their rights guaranteed by the constitution when they are discriminated on the basis of race or gender.
>> Do you see the victims experience difficulties from their cultural differences?
I have seen a change in mindset for certain immigrant populations. There are stories of immigration officials unlawfully searching people’s homes and they never report it. They do not know what constitutional rights they have or they believe that they cannot exercise the rights. However, people feel more aware of their rights and more confident in speaking out the longer they stay in the United States. We had a case once where a family of Mexican immigrants were seized from their home and held at gunpoint by local law enforcement. Along that same line, Some people do not say anything while living in an abusive situation. In such cases, education about who to contact and what help is available can empower victims to escape the situation. People should know that it is illegal that the police enter into their home without a warrant, and they know that law enforcement exists to help them.
>> How is the budget of the US government?
Texas does a great job at distributing money directed at helping victims of violent crimes. The distribution of money depends largely on the individual state and the pool of money they work with. Unfortunately, as a result of our country’s economic situation, the pool of money we have to work with is not as big.
>> What are cases you see from the VAWA?
Sometimes, people fail to recognize certain behaviors as a domestic violenceIt is so for the case where an immigrant woman is treated like a slave after marriage to a husband. In this case, the husband actually intended to use her as a servant from the start. In some cases, spouses refused to file immigration petition, forbid her to learn English, and display inappropriate sexual activities in front of their children. Psychological manipulation upon the spouse can be considered as an abuse. An example might be when the spouse does not allow the immigrant to eat the food that she used to have in her country of origin. Moreover, the acts of economic control and social isolation are included in the concept of abuse.
>> What is the goal of TCRP?
Our goal is to provide people of Texas with educational and needed legal services. I hope that people understand they can stand up for their rights and that immigrants are also entitled to constitutional protections. Congress passed the law in 1994 because they recognized the importance. VAWA is basically about human rights and human dignity.
>> What are difficulties that you face?
The language barrier is a big problem. There are many Spanish-speaking volunteers, but we do not have a well-developed interpretation system for other languages. The situation is same for the big cities. It is a basic right for everyone to communicate in their own languages and yet the right is often denied. We are preparing a service to offer an interpreter to those who want to use their native language in order to increase the accessibility to the courts and law enforcement. Texas has become more diverse in its culture. I hope to open the door to everyone living here to use services, and I think it is important to remove the language barrier so that people can understand and communicate in courts. If you are not offered interpretation services when accessing the court system, please let us know.
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